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Eczema (Atopic Dermatitis)

Condition Basics

What is eczema?

Eczema (say "EGG-zuh-muh") is also called atopic dermatitis. It's a skin problem that causes intense itching and a raised rash. Sometimes the rash develops blisters and crusts. It is often scaly. The rash is not contagious. You can't catch it from others.

In lighter skin, the rash may look pink or red. In darker skin, the rash may be hard to see or it may look dark brown, gray, or purple. Or there may be patches of lighter skin.

Eczema often runs in families. People with eczema may also have allergies and asthma.

There is no cure for eczema. But you may be able to control it with care at home.

What causes it?

The cause of eczema isn't clear, but it involves a problem with the skin's ability to hold in moisture. Most people who have it have a personal or family history of allergies and asthma. It can be triggered by harsh soaps, temperature changes, and stress.

What are the symptoms?

Eczema starts with very itchy, dry skin. The skin becomes irritated from scratching. Little blisters may appear and ooze fluid or crust over. A recurring rash can become scaly, tough, and thick from constant scratching. The areas most often affected are the face, scalp, neck, arms, and legs.

How is it diagnosed?

A doctor can usually tell if you have eczema by doing an exam and asking questions about your health. You may also be asked about your family health history. Sometimes a skin biopsy or allergy testing is recommended.

How is eczema treated?

Eczema is usually treated with medicines that are put on your skin (topical medicines). Gentle skin care, including using plenty of moisturizer, is also important. Early medical treatment may keep your symptoms from getting worse. If the topical medicines don't help, your doctor may prescribe other treatments, such as pills, phototherapy, or injections.

Can it be prevented?

There is no known way to prevent eczema. If you have family members with eczema, you have a higher risk of getting it. Although you may not be able to prevent eczema, taking care of your skin can help to keep it as healthy as possible.

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Current as of: November 16, 2023

Author: Ignite Healthwise, LLC Staff

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All Healthwise education is reviewed by a team that includes physicians, nurses, advanced practitioners, registered dieticians, and other healthcare professionals.